ARCHES OF FOOT

ARCHES OF FOOT

          DESCRIPTION:


                 

            MUSCLES involved in Arches of foot:


 

The foot has three arches:
·         Anterior transverse
·         Lateral Longitudinal
·         Medial Longitudinal
They are formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones, and supported by ligaments and tendons in the foot.
Their shape allows them to act in the same way as a spring, bearing the weight of the body and absorbing the shock produced during locomotion. The flexibility conferred to the foot by these arches facilitates functions such as walking and running.

Ø  ANTERIOR TRANSVERSE ARCH:
     The transverse arch is located in the CORONAL PLANE of the foot. It is formed by the metatarsal bases, the cuboid and the three cuneiform bones.
It is supported by:
·         Muscular support - Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior.
·         Ligamentous support - Plantar ligaments (in particular the long plantar, short plantar and plantar calcaneo-navicular ligaments) and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments.
·         Bony support - The wedged shape of the bones of the arch.
·         Other support - Plantar aponeurosis.

Ø  LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH:
      The lateral arch is the flatter of the two longitudinal arches, and lies on the ground in the standing position. It is formed by the calcaneus, cuboid and 4th and 5th metatarsal bones.
It is supported by:

·         Muscular support - Fibularis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis, and the intrinsic foot muscles.
·         Ligamentous support - Plantar ligaments (in particular the long plantar, short plantar and plantar calcaneo-navicular ligaments).
·         Bony support - Shape of the bones of the arch.
·         Other support – Plantar aponeurosis.

Ø  MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH:
         The medial arch is the higher of the two longitudinal arches. It is formed by the calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms and first three metatarsal bones.
 It is supported by:
·         Muscular support - Tibialis anterior and posterior, Fibularis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis, and the intrinsic foot muscles
·         Ligamentous support - Plantar ligaments (in particular the long plantar, short plantar and plantar calcaneo-navicular ligaments), medial ligament of the ankle joint.
·         Bony support- Shape of the bones of the arch.
·         Other support - Plantar aponeurosis.


 CLINICAL REVELANCE:

 
·         PES PLANUS: It is a condition in which the LONGITUDINAL ARCHES have been LOST.
·         PES CAVUS: It is condition characterized by UNUSUALLY HIGH MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH.

                    

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